l carnitine atherosclerosis JCI Figure 2 from The origin

Astrocytes with low GSH may become less protective over time, releasing more inflammatory mediators and failing to supply an adequate amount of GSH and GSH precursors to neighboring neurons and microglia (Kwon et al., 2019

The putative cellular mechanisms of action to this group of therapies involve the action over the glutamatergic neuronal firing, depending on the technique and polarity used, TMS and ECT will depolarize the cell membrane and generate an action potential while tDCS have an impact on the action potential depending on the polarity, cathodal stimulation will decrease, and anodal stimulation will increase the action potential

The metabolic benefits are also impressive

What makes glutathione particularly special is its dual-action approach