This is mechanistically demonstrated in breast cancer models, where SFN, by activating the Nrf2 pathway, reduces the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from tumor cells, thereby triggering MDSCs to switch from an immunosuppressive to an immunogenic phenotype and inhibiting their expansion (76)
The Root Causes of Dull, Uneven Skin According to a 2023 survey by the International Dermal Institute, 82% of people with dull skin cited the following as primary culprits: Oxidative stress from UV exposure and pollution Melanin overproduction triggered by sun damage and inflammation Poor skin barrier function caused by harsh cleansers Dead cell buildup from insufficient exfoliation Dehydration at the cellular level The smartest skincare solutions dont just treat the surface they address all of these root causes together
Over time this imbalance manifests as dark spots, uneven pigmentation, dullness, and loss of firmness
Environmental toxicology and chemistry , 40 (3), 606630