Synergistic combinations with immunotherapy, radiotherapy or ferroptosis-inducing agents also hold strong potential
However, in general, it can be concluded that in most cases and independently of their physicochemical characteristics, IONPs promote an M1 phenotype in macrophages, both in tumor and non-tumor tissues, even in the presence of a pro-M2 stimulus such as IL-4 (157)
If you are taking medication or have specific health concerns, it is always a good idea to speak with a healthcare provider before adding new supplements to your routine
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1 beta, and interferon-gamma (IFN-), promote ROS production, while ROS scavengers such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can reduce the ROS levels induced by these cytokines 14